The world has started to come to the realization that Mother Earth is slowly but surely running out of natural resources and therefore efforts have been doubled by scientists and researchers in seeking alternative energy resources to continue sustaining our lives on this earth.

One potential renewable energy source that has been developed rapidly since the late 1970s is wind power, which is generated through the creation of wind turbines. Capable of producing clean energy, without needing any fuel transport that are harmful to the environment, the wind, along with the sun and running water, are all sources of renewable energy. This is in contrast to coal, oil and gas, which rely on fossil fuels from mines or oil and gas fields that will one day run out of supply. 

Modern wind turbines are efficient, reliable and produce power at reasonable cost. As such, it has created a market for renewable energy as well as development in research. One of the developments is the technology in wind turbine. The control system have become cheaper and more advanced, new rotor blades which can extract more power from the wind were created, and the invention of new power electronic equipment makes it possible to use variable speed and to optimize the capacity of the turbines. In just a few decades, wind power has developed into a fast growing industry which no longer needs subsidies and is able to manufactures wind turbines that produce power at competitive cost. 

This paper plans to show the principle of work of vertical axis turbines, which is one of the several types of wind turbines available on the market, as well as to evaluate the potential of wind energy in Perlis. 

The energy conversion process of wind energy using wind turbines includes the rotation of blades that convert the wind energy into rotational mechanical energy on the shaft and to an electric generator. There are several different design concepts for wind turbines. One basic classification is the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). Vertical axis wind turbines are a type of turbine where the main rotor shaft runs vertically. The advantages of VAWT compared to the horizontal axis type of turbine are its simple construction, the lack of necessity of over speed control, the acceptance of wind from all directions, the limitation in mechanical design due to the control system and the electric generators that are set up statically on the ground. 

In general, there are two distinctive types of VAWT, namely the Darrieus and Savonius types. For the Darrieus, there are three common blades which are Squirrel Cage Darrieus, H-Darrieus and Egg Beater Darrieus. The speed of wind speed for this paper is modeled using the Weilbull distribution.

Another aspect of wind energy that this paper is looking into is the potential of utilizing wind turbines in the state of Perlis. According to Malaysian Meteorological Department, wind over this country is generally light with some periodic changes.

There are four seasons in Malaysia, namely the southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon, and two shorter period of intermoonsoon season. But, in Perlis, due to its close proximity to Thailand, the tendency is to the tropical monsoon season. The month of April, 2011 was chosen as the period of study for this paper.

The conclusion garnered from this paper is that the state of Perlis has the potential in developing the wind energy system. On the other hand, through the recording data from the use of vertical axis wind turbines, the results shows that this type of wind turbine is the most suitable to be used in Perlis as the wind speed in this state is low.

A self-organizing porous material, Nanoporous Alumia (NPA) is an economical template for the fabrication of various nanomaterials.

This is due to its minute spaces and holes through which liquid and air may pass easily, without the need of the high-priced lithographic technique.

The characteristics of NPA (easily-controlled pore diameter, interpore distance and pore depth) form a befitting template for the synthesis of nanomaterials.

A well-ordered NPA can be employed through the fabrication of nanomaterials by template synthesis method, such as i) a two-step anodizing method and ii) pre-patterning method.

It is crucial to combine nanomaterials of uniform dimensions, as the properties of nanomaterials are significantly influenced by the dimensions.

However, the mentioned methods above are not feasible for large scale manufacturing due to the exorbitant cost and low throughput.

Hence, the objective of the study is to confirm on a simple method of oxide dissolution treatment to attain well-ordered NPA in shorter anodizing duration and higher temperature to enlarge the application on NPA in template synthesis of nanomaterials.

The study uses a single step anodizing at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid at 15 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes, to produce NPA on aluminum surface.

By subjecting the nanoporous alumina to oxide dissolution treatment in a mixture of chromic acid and phosphoric acid, well-ordered pore and cell structure were obtained.

As a result, it was found that the oxide dissolution treatment improves the regularity of the cell and pore structure significantly and that this method is more convenient.

The post oxide dissolution treatment also exhibits ordered and nearly perfect hexagonal cell structure, a uniform closely honeycomb structure of NPA.

In addition, the pore diameters and the interpore distance are nearly uniform over the analyzed surface. Thus, the uniformity of the pore diameter and interpore distance are enhanced immensely.

Rashid and his team, with the hope to aid the development of an automated system in screening or diagnosing biomedical images instead of just a prototype system, had collaborated to come up with a review on some of the current techniques and possibilities in image processing to be shared to other researchers.

In fact, automatic analysis of medical cell images is becoming more important in pharmacology and toxicology research. According to Rashid and his team, an automated analysis system would produce a more standardised automatic image analysis, which would conquer the current limitation of manual detection system. In addition, images will be mathematically defined with greater precision compared to the earlier images processing techniques. Thus, this would enhance and accelerate the analysis of image processing with high precision.

Rashid and his team chose to focus and review on some of the general segmentation and classification methods for red blood cell images, which are blood cells counting and segmentation of red blood cells. Blood count helps in detecting many diseases in early stage, whereas, segmentation helps in anaysing diseases and performing complete blood count (CBC) efficiently and it is cost effective.

Some of the recent types of methods in segmentation shared are:

1. Thresholding -based on histogram characteristics of pixel intensities of image. 
2. Morphological Operation –continuity-based techniques which involve the processing of shapes, to segment the red blood cell images
3. Colour Image Segmentation –allow more reliable image segmentation than greyscale images and applying of hue feature. 
4. Model-based contour tracing –to overcome the problem of automatically segmenting a Scanning Electron Microscope image of red blood cells that have high number of overlapping cells and relatively smooth contour. 
5. Tabu Search –a method for finding elliptical cell boundaries.
6. Matlab –to overcome the problem of counting overlapping red blood cells by applying new algorithm by using the method.
7. Fluorescent Microscopy Images –can remove object with poor contrast and distance transformed watershed segmentation.

Some of the recent types of methods in classification shared are:

1. Multilayer Perceptron –classifying various types of blood cells.
2. Support Vector Machine –analyses data and recognize patterns which could be used for classification and regression analysis. 
3. Learning Vector Quantization –a type of artificial neural network and can be applied to multi-classification problem is a natural way. E.g. in classifying blood cells and bone marrow

The objective of this article is to analyse the performance of 300 Watts wind turbine to supply the energy for a power system. A wind turbine is instilled in front of Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic System (EEIES) Research Cluster, Perlis. This small horizontal wind turbine manages to generate energy to charge the 600 Ah battery systems in the research lab and is pointed by a simple wind vane. Meanwhile, the maximum output voltage is 40V dc at the 5.54 m/s of wind speed.

Wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. When the wind flows past the turbine’s rotor blades, the blades turn and convert the wind energy into kinetic energy. This energy spins a rotor inside a generator and coverts into electrical energy. The more electrical energy generated the greater wind speed. Meanwhile, windmill is a machine that used mechanical energy. If mechanical energy is converted to electricity, the machine is called wind generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aero generator.
Furthermore, Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) consists of motor raft and electrical generator which is must be pointed into the wind. It comprises a gearbox which turns the slow rotation of the blades into the speedy rotation that is suitable to drive an electrical generator. The turbine is constantly pointed upwind of the tower as a tower produces turbulence behind it. 

It is essential to note that wind resource evaluation is a critical element in projecting turbine performance. Generally, annual average wind speeds of 5 m/s are required for grid-connected applications. Meanwhile, annual average wind speeds of 3 to 4 m/s may be adequate for non-connected electrical and mechanical applications.

The authors also added that Wind Power Density is a useful way to evaluate the resource available at the potential site. The wind power density reveals how much energy is available at the side by a wind turbine. 

Nevertheless, the wind power is fluctuated as it will calm one day and howling the next. One of the most important tools in working with the wind, whether designing it or utilizing it, is a firm understanding of what factors that influent the power in the wind. The wind power could be classifies into two type which are Rotor Swept Area and Weibull Distribution.

In order to collect the data, the researcher utilized DAVIS Weather Station Vantage Pro2 (DWS) and Electrocoder. It manages to record the solar radiation, temperature, rain falls, wind speeds, wind direction, pressure and humidity. Speed and direction of the wind were measured by it which is installed at the top of the tower nearby the wind turbine. The Electrocoder is to measure the voltage where it records the data every second and manage to save the data for seven days. It will be downloaded once a week. The data on DWS and Electrocoder will be synchronizing to be recorded in every second.

From the data that have been collected, it has been proved that the wind speed is consistent at the specific time from 10.00 pm to 3.00 pm. Nevertheless, the wind fluctuates afterwards and at 3.00 pm, it drops. It starts to increase back at 4.00 pm until 10.00 pm. The maximum speed of wind blows is 6.22 m/s at the time of 6.39 pm and the maximum speed is 0 m/s at the time of 4.06 pm. This average value of the output voltage and wind speed has been recorded using the Electrocoder and DWS. The batteries merely can be charged after the wind turbine can produce voltage more than 12 Vdc systems.

In a nutshell, the performance of the wind turbine has been recorded and being analyzed by the authors. From the collected data, it has been proven that the wind turbine is reliable as it produced 40 Vdc at the speed of wind, 5.54 m/s have been recorded. Plus, it also has a good potential to meet the nominal power performance as specified by the manufacturer.